“Albatwitch 3D Bone & Tooth Bank” Now “Albatwitch 3D Bone, Tooth & Gene Bank”

“Albatwitch 3D Bone, Tooth & Gene Bank” is the new name for the project because we’ll add theoretical, DNA base sequences for Albatwitch (Pan chlca sp. nov.) genes that express some traits and phenotypes of public interest like “cloaking” camouflage, unique to Albatwitch, distinguishing Albatwitch from its Bonobo (Pan paniscus) and Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) cousins in genus Pan.

Native American Petroglyph Engraver’s Morphological Comparison of Bipedal Human with Bipedal Albatwitch with Quadruped Fisher

As described in the embedded post, the founder of Albatwitch Zoological Survey has been studying Pennsylvania petroglyphs for evidence of Native American familiarity with Albatwitch (Pan chlca sp. nov.). The founder is pleased to announce the discovery of a Native American petroglyph that morphologically compares the anatomy and footprint of a bipedal human (left) with bipedal Albatwitch (right) with a quadruped Fisher (right).


The embedded image was cropped from a photo captioned “Little Indian Rock Petroglyph Susquehanna River, Safe Harbor, Pa.” in a brochure published by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission titled “Petroglyphs of Pennsylvania” that bears no notice of copyright; therefore, the photo is assumed to be in the public domain but if not, the founder individually asserts “fair use” under USA copyright law.

A diagram of the same petroglyphs was published in 1934 in “Petroglyphs in the Susquehanna River near Safe Harbor, Pennsylvania” by Donald A. Cadzow, Archaeologist, Pennsylvania Historical Commission.

If you observed female Panins with young clinging anteriorly you will recognize the footprint and bipedal figure on the right as that of a Panin mother, including her silhouette, physique proportionality, and head hair split down-the-middle in comparison to the human figure on the left. The founder is preparing a manuscript for submission to a journal substantiating the assertions in this post based on his analysis supported by the archaeological and zoological literature. Therefore, pending publication of the manuscript, the founder has nothing more to divulge publicly.

Albatwitch “Bone & Tooth Bank” Draft 3D Model (Not-to-Scale)

Our draft of the Albatwitch “Bone and Tooth Bank” 3D Model in the following .gif file is viewable by clicking the link below, and it is also viewable on our Twitter and Facebook properties. Because the founder of Albatwitch Zoological Survey saw a female, Albatwitch (Pan chlca sp. nov.) in a remote, riparian bog on two occasions, we opted for a female draft model sans privates. Using a female model for the bone bank also spares us the task of designing a theoretical Albatwitch baculum (penis bone). In the Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), a cousin of Albatwitch in genus Pan, the baculum is only 6-8 mm long; therefore, it is unlikely for an Albatwitch baculum to be discovered by a member of the public searching for Albatwitch bones:

https://albatwitch.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Albatwitch-Draft-2020-09-29.gif

“Albatwitch 3D Bone and Tooth Bank” as Proof-of-Concept for “Participatory Primatology” and “Participatory Anthropology”

“Albatwitch 3D Bone & Tooth Bank” is a “participatory primatology” project for public participation in the discovery of bones, teeth and fossils. The developer envisions expansion of the concept and technology to “participatory anthropology,” including forensic application for locating the remains of missing persons.

Brief History of The Pennsylvania Great Ape

During his 1608 voyage up the Chesapeake Bay, Captain John Smith encountered the Susquehannock, an Iroquoian tribe. On his 1624 map, he inscribed a sketch with the note, “the Susquehannocks are a giant-like people and thus attired:”

On its 2016, “Albatwitch Day” webpage, The Columbia Historic Preservation Society notes:

“Also, some sources say that the Susquehannocks, like many Indian tribes, had a belief in an apelike monster, and sometimes depicted it on their war-shields.”

The founder of Albatwitch Zoological Survey had his two encounters with an Albatwitch in a riparian bog at the end of a trail that leads from the Lehigh Path noted by this nearby Pennsylvania Historical Commission marker, noting that the Susquehannocks, an Iroquoian people, travelled the Lehigh Path:

In 1828, David Cusick, an upstate New York, Iroquoian who was bilingual in both English and the Oneida dialect of the Iroquoian language published a book he described in the Preface as “Sketch of the Ancient History of the Six Nations:”

On page 7, of his book, David Cusick writes the following:

“The bad mind proceeded further in his motives and he made two images of clay in the form of mankind ; but while he was giving them existence they became apes….”

The 4th edition of “Norton Anthology of American Literature” has an entry about “The Iroquois Creation Story.” Footnote 9 to that entry notes the similar contextual use of the word “ape” by two other noteworthy Iroquoians:

“9. Cusick may have seen an ape or a depiction of apes (there are no apes native to the New World) and decided to name them as the creatures made by the Evil Twin in contrast to the humans made by the Good Twin. John Buck and Chief John Gibson, in their later renditions of the Iroquis creation narrative also refer to apes at this point in the narrative.”

John Buck, an Iroquois, was also known as Skanawadi (On One Side Of The Stream):

John Gibson, an Iroquois was also known as “Ganio’dai’io’,” (“Promoter of the Code of Handsome Lake):

Therefore, three noteworthy Iroquois used the word “ape” in their accounts of the Iroquoian Creation Story, and the Iroquoian Susquehannocks, described as “giant-like” people by Captain John Smith on his 1624 map, had an ape-like image on their shields. Despite written accounts by native, indigenous Iroquois & ape-like, war shield depictions, English and American academics summarily dismissed Iroquoian accounts of “apes” without any paleoanthropological search for scientific evidence of Northeastern ape-like creatures.

A similar “ivory tower arrogance” rooted in the white man’s, cultural imperialism towards the shared history of indigenous, aboriginal peoples surrounds the 2017 global acceptance of the discovery of Tapanuli Orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis). For nearly a century, Sumatran native accounts of the extant, “Great Ape” species, were ignored by old-school, ivory tower academics with the ignorance just ending in 2017 when a “new breed” of post-modern, unbiased, researchers finished their extensive evidentiary labor:

Morphometric, Behavioral, and Genomic Evidence for a New Orangutan Species

Although it may take years during Covid-19 to gather anthropological & biological evidence, the Albatwitch Zoological Survey will introduce Albatwitch (Pan chlca sp. nov.) to the global scientific community for global acceptance as the 8th extant, non-human, “Great Ape.”

Albatwitch Disarticulated Skeleton

First frost arrived this week in Northeast Pennsylvania’s higher elevations, portending an early winter. Although our field survey for live Albatwitch will continue throughout winter, our paleoanthropological “dig” will begin Spring 2021. In the meantime, to promote the public’s discovery of Albatwitch bones, we’ll be designing and hosting a virtual “Bone and Tooth Bank” comprised of each of the bones and teeth in the theoretical, disarticulated skeleton of the Albatwitch.

“Bear Bells” on Lehigh Path

Why does a hiker wear “bear bells” on Lehigh Path?

So a predator can locate a hiker from a distance, and officials can locate the predator that ate the hiker.

Seriously, while hiking the mostly unmapped backcountry of Lehigh Path, the founder vocalizes, “hey bear, hey bear” while walking into a headwind or crosswind along a path hemmed by deep cover to alert a hidden bear to human presence that may not catch his scent. You could vocalize, “[any phrase]” with the same effect. Just don’t vocalize bird or other animal sounds unless you want a bear on your lap. If you are walking with the wind at your back, “fearful bears” will smell you and vamoose long before they hear you. Most but not all black bears along Lehigh Path are “fearful” of humans because of hunting season.

Although vocalizing to alert a nearby hidden bear in dense cover to your presence is sensible, it’s foolhardy to alert every predator for hundreds of yards in all directions to your precise location with step-activated ringing. With a bear bell, you make it simple for any predatory bear or wolf-hybrid, Eastern-Coyote pack intent on eating you to discover you from faraway, then, stealthily track and charge you from behind or at close quarters with no reaction time for your self-defense.

When you are in the forest on Lehigh Path, the large bears and wolf-hybrids either consider you as another predator or prey. If you behave like an apex predator other predators will fear you and flee; if you behave like prey eventually you will be attacked. An apex predator doesn’t “ding-a-ling” in the forest like a cow with a cowbell on a farm.

With that said, there is no room for false bravado in black bear confrontations because even a yearling can kill a human. If confronted with a bear you can hold your ground or slowly step backwards while facing the bear; however, never make eye contact with a bear, and never advance forward on a bear because you will provoke not a false charge but a true attack.

Status Report

Albatwitch Zoological Survey continues planning for the first paleoanthropological “dig” for Albatwitch bones & fossils in a coal strip mine, drained for other reasons, that was a wetland habitat for many years. Field survey continues for live Albatwitch in remote, riparian wetlands near the mostly unmapped, backwoods route of the Lehigh Path.

Additionally, the founder studies the archaeological literature and documented images of Native American “rock art,” looking for indications of familiarity with ape-like creatures by the Iroquoian Susquehannocks or Algonquian Lenape.

A former member of the Navy’s Mobile Diving & Salvage Unit Two, Detachment 304, a certified, advanced open water diver, and past skipper of a dive-cruising, sailboat, the founder plans an expedition for next summer to photograph underwater petroglyphs in Pennsylvania rivers.

Albatwitch Zoological Survey’s Goal

Without harm to any Albatwitch (Pan chlca sp. nov.) through DNA collection from shed fur and dropped scat, Albatwitch Zoological Survey will prove the existence of Albatwitch with scientific certainty for inclusion of the species in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System.

After collection of Albatwitch (Pan chlca sp. nov.) DNA, the Albatwitch Zoological Survey will sequence the Albatwitch genome, then, with bioinformatics locate the genes for its unique “cloaking” camouflage phenotype. Theoretically, embryos from species of other endangered furry mammals could be CRISPR, germline edited to give them the same “cloaking” ability as Albatwitch. The CRISPR-editing would be heritable from generation-to-generation, automatically giving offspring of the first genomically modified animals the same “cloaking” camouflage as their parents, protecting the parents and their descendants’ offspring from poachers through genomic facilitated adaptation.

Do you believe that Albatwitch are a new species of Great Ape?

Yes, for now placed taxonomically in genus Pan with Bonobos and Chimpanzees. But with a nod to Carveth Read, the early proponent of the evolutionary “hunting hypothesis,” we believe but cannot yet prove that Albatwitch (Pan chlca sp. nov.) with their piloerective “cloaking” camouflage are not only a Great Ape but an evolved, “Lycopithecus.”

With the circa 1990, migration of Eastern Coyotes to Northeastern Pennsylvania from the Catskill Mountains of New York, Albatwitch developed a symbiotic relationship with the pack-hunting, wolf-hybrids to hunt whitetail deer, thereby, insuring Albatwitch survival among the carnivores that entered its habitat.

“Moreover, when our ape first pursued game, especially big game (not being by ancient adaptation in structure and instinct a carnivore), he may have been, and probably was, incapable of killing enough prey single-handed; and, if so, he will have profited by becoming both social and cooperative as a hunter, like the wolves and dogs – in short, a sort of wolf-ape (Lycopithecus).”

Carveth Read, “The Origin of Man and of His Superstitions” (1920)

Carveth Read (1848 – 1931) was a British logician, author of “Logic: Deductive & Inductive.”  He was also an early proponent of the evolutionary “hunting hypothesis:”

Symbiosis Between Albatwitch and Eastern Coyotes

Construction of the hunting blind in the profile picture was described in a prior post. On January 29, 2018, or thereabouts, the founder saw an Eastern Coyote ( Canis latrans × Canis lupus lycaon) exit the rear of the blind located in a riparian bog behind a clearing that was littered with deer and smaller animal bones, indicating that the clearing was a “killing field” for the Eastern Coyotes that sheltered in the bog. The founder, a hunter of Eastern Coyotes, walked hurriedly to the blind, and saw a “cloaked” Albatwitch (Pan chlca sp. nov.) moving on the ground between trees in an area right-diagonally rear of the blind. On the second date during Spring 2019, the founder saw an Albatwitch moving down the trunk of a tall tree to the ground in the same bog behind the same clearing, apparently acting as high lookout for the Eastern Coyotes that were heard yipping in the bog as the founder entered the clearing from the forest. Theoretically, the Eastern Coyote and the Albatwitch were cooperatively hunting for prey from the same riparian bog on two different dates, and both were surprised by the entry into the clearing of a human hunter armed with a shotgun.

By DNA analysis, it is accepted with scientific certainty that Eastern Coyotes in the region where the hunting blind was located are hybrids of wolf, western coyote and dog but to predator hunters in Pennsylvania, behaviorally, Eastern Coyotes are akin to wolves because like wolves they stalk and spree-kill both domestic and wild animals that they do not eat. The genetic profile of Albatwitch is unknown but based on human observations of its behavior and physical traits, including bipedal locomotion and lack of a tail, the current operative hypothesis of “Albatwitch Zoological Survey” is that Albatwitch (Pan chlca sp. nov.) are primates that the Albatwitch Zoological Survey will prove belong taxonomically in the genus Pan, the same genus as Chimpanzees and Bonobos. Although Albatwitch are tree-climbers, and Eastern Coyotes are not, absent a symbiotic relationship between the animals, undoubtedly Eastern Coyotes, which hunt in packs, would kill any and all Albatwitch encountered on the ground in their habitat.

In 2015, the influential, peer-reviewed, “Journal of Mammalogy,” published field research of distinguished biologists documenting symbiotic food-gathering between a species of wolf and a species of primate with an extensive, supporting bibliography of citations from the academic literature. The founder of “Albatwitch Zoological Survey” highly recommends “Solitary Ethiopian wolves increase predation success on rodents when among grazing gelada monkey herds.” Journal of Mammalogy, 96(1): 129-137, 2015, which is available online without a paywall.

Albatwitch “Cloaking” Concealment Theory

In an earlier post, the founder wrote about Albatwitch (Pan chlca sp. nov.) concealment through “cloaking” for lack of a better descriptive term to describe its camouflage. The theory based on the founder’s observation of an Albatwitch on two occasions is that the Albatwitch is capable of undulatingly manipulating its fur with piloerection, i.e., the phenomenon of “raising the hackles,” not only on its back between the shoulders like many canids but all of its bodily fur. The founder observed an Albatwitch with black fur and white skin, which by undulating its fur rapidly while moving through a riparian bog and down a tall tree created a form of “motion dazzle” that to the human eyes appeared as alternating, black and white contrast. In effect, a shadowy, asynchronous, zig-zag that obscures the Albatwitch’s silhouette but does not obliterate observation of its bodily protuberances or lack thereof. The Albatwitch’s “cloaking” camouflage creates a shadowy but ethereal image that captivates and engages the human brain into visual staring that only ends when the image disappears into the forest, leaving the observer in a state of befuddled bewilderment as to the nature of the observation. Other commentators have described the movement of Albatwitch in the forest as “gliding,” or “walking on air” which the founder attributes to the human brain’s attempt to classify the motion of an Albatwitch into a mode-of-movement categorically familiar to the human brain. The Albatwitch ambulates on the ground like other animals but its “cloaking” camouflage can create the visual illusion of ghostly “gliding” or “walking on air.”

Addendum September 7, 2020, after field survey to the known habitat of an Albatwitch, September 6, 2020:

To the unfamiliar human eye, Albatwitch “cloaking” camouflage could appear merely as ambient sunlight dappling through the tree canopy with its mixture of light and shadow projected on the surface of the ground and trees but unlike sunlight, Albatwitch “cloaking” is not actually projected on the surrounding ground and trees; any semblance of projection is illusory. To the unfamiliar human eye the difference between sunlight dappling and Albatwitch “cloaking” is subtle. However, when the wind blows, Albatwitch “cloaking” is distinguishable from sunlight dappling because it is asynchronous with the intermittent elongation and shortening of shadows projected on the ground and trees by the ambient sunlight dappling that surrounds an Albatwitch.

We humans (Homo sapiens) have inhabited the earth for approximately 200,000 years, and we may have coexisted with these creatures for most of those years. When your eyes see a “cloaking” Albatwitch moving along a tree trunk or on the ground, your subconscious “instinct” may alert you that there is an animal moving in your field of vision but your likely conscious assumption will be that it is merely sunlight dappling. At this point, you should follow your subconscious “instinct” not your conscious assumption and concentrate your brain on the patterns in your field of vision. You may be surprised by a “Eureka moment” when your brain distinguishes between the conflicting subtleties in the patterns of light and shadow striking your retina, and you consciously realize that you are observing an Albatwitch moving with its “cloaking” camouflage activated.

Postscript, September 9, 2020: Although there are sighting reports of the ape-like, Albatwitch while the animal is either “cloaked” or “uncloaked,” the founder’s two sightings were of a “cloaked” Albatwitch in a remote riparian bog after the founder emerged into an adjacent clearing from the forest while armed with a 12 gauge shotgun. It is unknown whether undulating piloerection of its fur that is the theoretical mechanism of Albatwitch “cloaking” camouflage is activated autonomically (involuntarily) or somatically (voluntarily) in response to perceived danger.

Can Albatwitch Communicate Over Distances?

Yes, Albatwitch (Pan chlca sp. nov.) can communicate over distances by striking two flat rocks together. On a few occasions, after leaving the vicinity of a riparian wetland that was a known habitat of Albatwitch, the founder heard patterned sound reproducible by striking two flat rocks together, which always stirred the founder to heightened vigilance. Other commentators have described the sound as “whip-like” or “snapping” but the sound is reproducible by two flat rocks striking. The founder attributes the human perception of “whip like” or “snapping” sound to the distortion of the sound of two flat rocks striking together as this sound reverberates against trees in the forest. Although not sophisticated like human Morse Code, the Albatwitch communication over distance is patterned, albeit simply; therefore, it can convey information to other animals perceptive to the patterned sound’s decoding. Other commentators have described “whistling” sounds, and the ability of some hunters to call Albatwitch with patterned whistling. The founder has never heard any “whistling” sounds but does not discount the possibility that Albatwitch can whistle.

Addendum, September 11, 2020:

Other Hominids (Great Apes) are documented in the scientific literature as being able to whistle with whistling reported for ten orangutans in captivity at six different zoos, including “Bonnie,” a resident of the National Zoo in USA:

“Orangutan (Pongo spp.) whistling and implications for the emergence of an open-ended call repertoire: A replication and extension”

September 2013, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 134(3):2326-35

Why Sightings of Albatwitch Are Rare?

Albatwitch (Pan chlca sp. nov.) habitate in remote, riparian wetlands that humans instinctively avoid because of leg-trapping mud that masks underlying deep water, venomous snakes and spiders, swarming insects, foot tangling vines, tree deadfalls and other obstacles that make human ambulation dangerous. The founder is a backwoods hunter of Eastern Coyotes (Canis latrans × Canis lupus lycaon) , and Eastern Coyotes often hunt on the shores of waterways while sheltering away from humans in wetlands; therefore, the founder goes where Eastern Coyotes prey. Reported sightings of Albatwitch are rare because very few humans traverse through remote, riparian wetlands where Albatwitch habitate. Additionally, the human response to first or even second sighting of an Albatwitch is to attribute the sighting to pareidolia, i.e., light playing tricks on the eyes, rather than attributing sighting to a strange animal unfamiliar to most humans . For most humans in Northeastern USA, self-denial of the actuality of sighting a strange, ape-like creature is much more emotionally comforting than accepting the reality of an encounter with an unknown beast-in-the-woods.

Addendum, September 11, 2020:

To date, no Albatwitch bones were found by anthropologists because none searched in their dangerous, riparian wetlands habitat. Also, such a search is complicated by the rapid settling, decay & compacting of any surface objects during the continual wetlands subsidence process.

Are Albatwitch Dangerous to Humans?

The founder sighted a female, Albatwitch (Pan chlca sp. nov.) on two occasions in a riparian bog. The first time the Albatwitch was moving on the ground between trees, and the second time the Albatwitch was moving down the trunk of a tall tree. At the time, the founder was well-armed with a 12 gauge shotgun, hunting Eastern Coyotes (Canis latrans × Canis lupus lycaon), which is the only animal that the founder hunts, because spree-killing, Eastern Coyotes are the only animal that ever stalked the founder as prey while fishing alone at a remote pond. To the human eye, the Albatwitch has the ability to obscure its image by manipulating its fur so that it appears “shadowy” for lack of a better descriptive term. Backwoods hunters routinely walk through forests scanning treetops to avoid having a bobcat or black bear drop on their neck; however, the Albatwitch’s “cloaking” camouflage for lack of a better descriptive term would make it a formidable tree-climbing predator if it preyed on humans. Since the founder has never heard of an Albatwitch dropping out of a tree to attack a human, the founder does not believe that the Albatwitch is dangerous to humans unless cornered when all wild animals are dangerous to humans. However, the founder now instinctively scans treetops more carefully while walking in riparian forests because as every predator hunter knows, predatory animals are unpredictable, and any large, predatory animal is capable of ripping an inattentive human to shreds.

Header Photo: Hunting Blind

Photo taken January 29, 2018, in a riparian bog of a topiary hunting blind constructed by an Albatwitch (Pan chlca sp. nov.) and shared with Eastern Coyotes (Canis latrans × Canis lupus lycaon) in a symbiotic relationship to prey on other animals. The hunting blind was constructed by the bending of a tree sapling into an inverted “U,” with the sapling’s top affixed to the ground with vines or rocks as anchors so that the sapling formed an arch as it matured into a tree that grew horizontal across the ground instead of vertically toward the sky. Vines that intertwined with the sapling as it matured into a tree with branches form the bulk of the blind’s structure with leaves fallen from other trees spontaneously filling the empty spaces. A clearing on the approach to the hunting blind was littered with the bones of deer and smaller animals.

About Albatwitch Zoological Survey

The founder of Albatwitch Zoological Survey was an active duty, field medic corpsman with the United States Marine Corps’, “G”olf Company, 2nd Battalion, 8th Marine Regiment, 2nd Marine Division, and a former ready reservist with the United States Navy’s Mobile Diving and Salvage Unit Two, Detachment 304. Currently, he is a retired, senior citizen who has two undergraduate degrees in sciences. Although he has never been a professional scientist, as an avocation during retirement he anonymously analyzes and solves mysteries of science ignored by professional scientists because of cultural and/or political reasons, enjoying the research adventure and the intellectual satisfaction associated with adding to the body of public knowledge for the common good.

While hunting Eastern Coyotes (Canis latrans × Canis lupus lycaon) in a remote, riparian bog located in a Pennsylvania Game Land, the founder was twice confounded by the sighting of a bipedal, female mammal that he could not identify despite extensive knowledge of the forest ecosystem. The Albatwitch Zoological Survey is an attempt to apply the scientific method with public input and assistance of consulting science professionals to the field survey, behavioral study, genomic analysis, taxonomic classification and preservation of the animal currently known in the Susquehanna River Valley, Pennsylvania, USA as the “Albatwitch.” All pertinent information and data collected will be published on this website, however, detailed, geographic locational information will NOT be published in the interest of preservation of the Albatwitch (Pan chlca sp. nov.) and Albatwitch habitat.